Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08

From Culture.si

August

EventF58d355b98fb260da9df629b78e66ea7a7b0918d6ce1a3d93d7cb7965f12fa24
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Visual_arts]]
Related[[Eva Petrič]], [[Slovenian Culture and Information Centre, Vienna (SKICA)]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Vienna]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Künstlerhaus]], [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
Festival
Start2014-08-01 00:00:00
End2014-09-07 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Künstlerhaus]]
Organizer_url
City[[Vienna]]
Country[[Austria]]
Urlhttp://www.k-haus.at/de/kuenstlerhaus/aktuell/ausstellung/235/melange.html
Work_url
More_url
Description''Melange'', an exhibition also featuring works by [[Eva Petrič]], supported by the [[Slovenian Culture and Information Centre, Vienna (SKICA)]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Vienna]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventAeae352c5f2620f30bf42c24fbfd6d23ba76e91e2d9f31a427502a4014c4a61a
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Visual_arts]]
Related[[Irwin]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Garage Museum of Contemporary Art]], [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]
Festival
Start2014-08-01 00:00:00
End2014-09-21 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Garage Museum of Contemporary Art]]
Organizer_url
City[[Moscow]]
Country[[Russia]]
Urlhttp://garageccc.com/en/event/546
Work_url
More_url
Description[[Irwin]] at the group exhibition ''The New International''
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event7b96b2cf93e7c09b9736df7d51956297e5aba701f6f97fc5c1def43a0df350d6
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]]
Related[[Miha Hočevar]], [[Vertigo]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Cinema Museum]], [[Buzet]], [[Croatia]]
Festival
Start2014-08-03 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Cinema Museum]]
Organizer_url
City[[Buzet]]
Country[[Croatia]]
Urlhttp://www.motovunfilmfestival.com/page/index/id/550
Work_url
More_url
Description''We Go Our Way 2'', directed by [[Miha Hočevar]] and produced by [[Vertigo]], in the Buzz@teen program of the 17th Motovun Film Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event9dd91588b00bab87e92a1b6ca7bbd7f34c3e3cb852653d79ee531d76978284dd
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Theatre]], [[Top]]
Related[[Mini Theatre]], [[Saška Rakef]], [[Maska Institute]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Zadar Puppet Theatre]], [[Zadar]], [[Croatia]]
Festival
Start2014-08-04 00:00:00
End2014-08-06 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Zadar Puppet Theatre]]
Organizer_url
City[[Zadar]]
Country[[Croatia]]
Urlhttp://www.mtv.com.hr/vijesti/lokacije-i-satnice-festivala-zadar-snova-2014
Work_url
More_url
Description''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'', co-produced by [[Mini Theatre]], and ''The Debt of Rakef Saška / The Debt of RS'', a performance by [[Saška Rakef]] and produced by [[Maska Institute]], at the 18th International Festival of Contemporary Theatre Zadar Snova
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event5e356f60331b83d9453a2abdfc53c09044ceede5b3d0ab84a90477263207d379
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Theatre]]
Related[[Slovenian National Theatre Drama Ljubljana]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Pakkahuone Hall]], [[Tampere]], [[Finland]]
Festival
Start2014-08-05 00:00:00
End2014-08-06 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Pakkahuone Hall]]
Organizer_url
City[[Tampere]]
Country[[Finland]]
Urlhttp://www.teatterikesa.fi/in_english/the_main_programme/international-performances/the-crazy-locomotive/
Work_url
More_url
Description''The Crazy Locomotive'', produced by the [[Slovene National Theatre Drama Ljubljana]], at the Tampere Theatre Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventD96c68b3299b16add614420f7691d640255631039b3e17700c0d9b1d6035b52c
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Embassies]], [[Animation]]
Related[[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Tel Aviv]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Tel Aviv Cinematheque]], [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]]
FestivalAnimix Israel International Animation, Comics & Caricature Festival
Start2014-08-06 00:00:00
End2014-08-09 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Tel Aviv Cinematheque]]
Organizer_url
City[[Tel Aviv]]
Country[[Israel]]
Urlhttp://www.animixfest.co.il/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%96/
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA selection of Slovene short animated films presentation, supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Tel Aviv]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event9e98390c25674244bce5fe8392edcd7b6ead12899a8853bd3a554395baf8ea95
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Top]], [[Embassies]]
Related[[Matjaž Ivanišin]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Washington]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Museum of the Moving Image]], [[Astoria (NY)]], [[USA]]
Festival
Start2014-08-09 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Museum of the Moving Image]]
Organizer_url
City[[Astoria (NY)]]
Country[[USA]]
Urlhttp://ruralroutefilms.com/2014-festival/#karpo
Work_url
More_url
Description''Karpotrotter'', directed by [[Matjaž Ivanišin]] (Studio Legen), at the Rural Route Film Festival, supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Washington]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event89fbb76c1bdf3fc4abd6736ca5f36e8c5ed5ceb95de2afdad56d7375bbd27a36
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[The Canyon Observer]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Cotton Park]], [[Walton-on-Trent]], [[United Kingdom]]
Festival
Start2014-08-09 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Cotton Park]]
Organizer_url
City[[Walton-on-Trent]]
Country[[United Kingdom]]
Urlhttp://www.bloodstock.uk.com/events/boa-2014/bands/the-canyon-observer
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by [[The Canyon Observer]] at Bloodstock Open Air 2014
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event18e1161c80a97c2fd36938e470154c849d491fc35904c2a17d3720be446839b9
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Theatre]]
Related[[Hanna Szentpeteri]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Camden People's Theatre]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
Festival
Start2014-08-10 00:00:00
End2014-08-19 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Camden People's Theatre]]
Organizer_url
City[[London]]
Country[[United Kingdom]]
Urlhttp://www.actyourstage.com/portfolio/project-example/
Work_url
More_url
Description''Stone'' by [[Hanna Szentpeteri]] performed by ''Act Your Stage'' at the Camden Fringe festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event8ef623714310b633b9acd591285b395ee72918be8a02b7f05de9353cd7662ff9
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Dance]], [[Embassies]]
Related[[Jernej Bizjak]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Copenhagen]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Copenhagen Police Headquarters]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]]
Festival
Start2014-08-11 00:00:00
End2014-08-17 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Copenhagen Police Headquarters]]
Organizer_url
City[[Copenhagen]]
Country[[Denmark]]
Urlhttp://www.danskdanseteater.dk/performances/copenhagen-summer-dance-2014?language=en
Work_url
More_url
Description''Black Diamond'', a dance performance also featuring [[Jernej Bizjak]], at the Copenhagen Summer Dance 2014, supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Copenhagen]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event162fa2bad444fa05e6ed0ccce122bce277992156f67a00bc2c0b8227063b32b4
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Embassies]]
Related[[Rok Biček]], [[Triglav Film]], [[Barbara Zemljič]], [[A Atalanta]], [[Marko Šantić]], [[Radio-Television Slovenia (RTV Slovenia)]], [[Marko Naberšnik]], [[Arsmedia]], [[Staragara]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in London]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Chichester Cinema at New Park, Roundhill Picture Palace]], [[Chichester]], [[United Kingdom]]
Festival
Start2014-08-15 00:00:00
End2014-08-27 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Chichester Cinema at New Park]], [[ Roundhill Picture Palace]]
Organizer_url
City[[Chichester]]
Country[[United Kingdom]]
Urlhttp://issuu.com/newparkcinema/docs/film_festival_2014/1
Work_url
More_url
Description''Class Enemy'', directed by [[Rok Biček]] ([[Triglav Film]]), ''Panic'', directed by [[Barbara Zemljič]] ([[A Atalanta]]), ''Seduce Me'', directed by [[Marko Šantić]] ([[Radio-Television Slovenia (RTV Slovenia)]]), ''Shanghai Gypsy'', directed by [[Marko Naberšnik]] ([[Arsmedia]]), and ''Zoran, My Nephew the Idiot'' ([[Staragara]]) at the 23rd Chichester International Film Festival, supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in London]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventCf2dcfd93d2a9ee512cb5298093604d708cc655f10c08d9ee55a3e88ade31413
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[Depot:Maja Osojnik Band]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Hotel Pupik]], [[Sankt Lorenzen bei Scheifling]], [[Austria]]
Festival
Start2014-08-16 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Hotel Pupik]]
Organizer_url
City[[Sankt Lorenzen bei Scheifling]]
Country[[Austria]]
Urlhttp://hotelpupik.org/
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by Rdeča Raketa (Maja Osojnik ([[Maja Osojnik Band]]) and Matija Schellander) at Hotel Pupik Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventB0ce14c5b11570dbb19be1b59f02c5968c3868f61f6d37ea80498cd9208f0da9
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Top]]
Related[[Matjaž Ivanišin]], [[Studio Legen]], [[Damjan Kozole]], [[Vertigo]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Prizren]], [[Kosovo]]
Festival
Start2014-08-16 00:00:00
End2014-08-24 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Organizer_url
City[[Prizren]]
Country[[Kosovo]]
Urlhttp://dokufest.com/2014/program/categories/?category=15
Work_url
More_url
Description''A Fight For'', directed by Siniša Gačić (Tramal Films, NuFrame), ''Karpotrotter'', directed by [[Matjaž Ivanišin]] ([[Studio Legen]]), and ''Project: Cancer'', directed by [[Damjan Kozole]] ([[Vertigo]]), at the International Documentary and Short Film Festival DokuFest
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventB9b48311d30c683cd746ef0842d91950229a308c6b653dbb2824c298f9e79a21
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Visual_arts]], [[Embassies]], [[Photography]]
Related[[SPP Institute for Promotion of Photography]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Copenhagen]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Nytorv Square]], [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]]
Festival
Start2014-08-16 00:00:00
End2014-08-31 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Nytorv Square]]
Organizer_url
City[[Copenhagen]]
Country[[Denmark]]
Urlhttp://www.kopenhagen.veleposlanistvo.si/index.php?id=1206&L=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=22295&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=1205&cHash=1a0d3d396784681085dae4b3889a50b7
Work_url
More_url
Description''At Home in Europe: 10 Years in EU'', a photo exhibition on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union, co-organised by the [[SPP Institute for Promotion of Photography]] and supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in Copenhagen]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event2137550dae4058a590b17f9e5518a1fae3a950225caae9ca064cc85ec5da56d9
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Literature]], [[Top]]
Related[[Miha Mazzini]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Edinburgh]], [[United Kingdom]]
FestivalEdinburgh International Book Festival
Start2014-08-17 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Organizer_urlhttp://www.edbookfest.co.uk/
City[[Edinburgh]]
Country[[United Kingdom]]
Urlhttps://www.facebook.com/openbks/posts/10152593582805692
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA literary evening with [[Miha Mazzini]] and Arno Camenisch
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event2495f6bf38db3f301ac106c84567685a7937636afdc15f6dabad7ddee3d384e4
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Visual_arts]], [[New_media_art]]
Related[[Nataša Berk]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
Festival
Start2014-08-18 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Organizer_url
City[[Sarajevo]]
Country[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
Urlhttp://www.kriterion.ba/stranica/heatwave
Work_url
More_url
Description''Imagine More'', an exhibition and performance by [[Nataša Berk]] (Neagushi), at the Heatwave Music Stage
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event744aaeca198e14ddc0a527ae54cb75f2e5f1d097dbdbca155380e95252128e8d
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Top]]
Related[[Depot:Restart Ltd]], [[Goran Vojnović]], [[Arsmedia]], [[Miha Hočevar]], [[Vertigo]], [[Damjan Kozole]], [[Vertigo]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Multiplex Cinema City]], [[Sarajevo]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
FestivalSarajevo Film Festival
Start2014-08-18 00:00:00
End2014-08-22 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Multiplex Cinema City]]
Organizer_urlhttps://www.sff.ba/en
City[[Sarajevo]]
Country[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
Urlhttp://ticketing.sff.ba/en/screenings.aspx
Work_url
More_url
Description''Barbarians'', co-produced by [[Restart Ltd]], ''Southern Scum Go Home!'', directed by [[Goran Vojnović]] and produced by [[Arsmedia]], ''We Go Our Way 2'', directed by [[Miha Hočevar]] and produced by [[Vertigo]], and ''Project: Cancer'', directed by [[Damjan Kozole]] and produced by [[Vertigo]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event52149d74d1608f89a4d597d48612c2e133a90935a4dc14f27c4f9bf622e7c5b8
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[Noctiferia]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Kaltenbach]], [[Spital am Semmering]], [[Austria]]
Festival
Start2014-08-21 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Kaltenbach]]
Organizer_url
City[[Spital am Semmering]]
Country[[Austria]]
Urlhttp://www.kaltenbach-openair.at/index.php
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by [[Noctiferia]] at Kaltenbach Open Air Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventE37d8a45860b99950f4a40e6630c7f424b4825f4fe0e886fba0da9c506283a4d
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[Depot:Maja Osojnik Band]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Gallneukirchen]], [[Austria]]
Festival
Start2014-08-22 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Organizer_url
City[[Gallneukirchen]]
Country[[Austria]]
Urlhttp://klangfestival.wordpress.com/
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by Rdeča Raketa (Maja Osojnik ([[Maja Osojnik Band]]) and Matija Schellander) at the 7th Klangfestival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event38e57f1327cdba77d1f2f62a4e29674043c9fab499a26fa19ed5bfd5153ee2b0
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[Laibach]], [[Siddharta]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Pozornica Stari grad]], [[Varaždin]], [[Croatia]]
Festival
Start2014-08-23 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Pozornica Stari grad]]
Organizer_url
City[[Varaždin]]
Country[[Croatia]]
Urlhttp://spancirfest.com/program2014/
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by [[Laibach]] and [[Siddharta]] at Špancirfest
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventC2c8a7b163cb3709abb154644f3618553256df2229c38b9a0dc9b064036d9d80
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]]
Related[[Noctiferia]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Turbohalle]], [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]]
Festival
Start2014-08-24 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Turbohalle]]
Organizer_url
City[[Bucharest]]
Country[[Romania]]
Urlhttp://maximumrock.ro/stiri/7437-afla-ce-noua-formatie-a-fost-confirmata-la-maximum-rock-festival-2014.html
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA concert by [[Noctiferia]] at Maximum Rock Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event17f4a7b553de60cec4b404aeef82f5bb5a610f19ee996c7212ebe3ebeed25b29
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Theatre]], [[Music]], [[Top]]
Related[[Carmina Slovenica]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Kaserne Basel]], [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]]
Festival
Start2014-08-27 00:00:00
End2014-08-28 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Kaserne Basel]]
Organizer_url
City[[Basel]]
Country[[Switzerland]]
Urlhttp://www.kaserne-basel.ch/en/tanztheater/Heiner_Goebbels___Ca/______lbl_2014-08-27_1
Work_url
More_url
Description''When the mountain changed its clothing'', a music theatre by Heiner Goebbels with [[Carmina Slovenica]], at Theaterfestival Basel
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


EventFecb4da2becead60770c2734472314592f592da8d0540ba862076ee88f186cd2
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Film]], [[Top]]
Related[[Ivan Gergolet]], [[Staragara]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Venice]], [[Italy]]
Festival
Start2014-08-27 00:00:00
End2014-09-06 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Organizer_url
City[[Venice]]
Country[[Italy]]
Urlhttp://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/71st-festival/line-up/aut-sect/sic/
Work_url
More_url
Description''Dancing with Maria'', directed by [[Ivan Gergolet]] and co-produced by [[Staragara]], as part of the International Critics' Week at the 71st Venice Film Festival
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event602f3eb9d68e652a117c95381616c27ac10a3f6e4cd7fbfd268aaafa56e5f454
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Music]], [[Embassies]]
Related[[Ana Šinkovec Burstin]], [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in London]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Charlton House]], [[London]], [[United Kingdom]]
Festival
Start2014-08-29 00:00:00
End
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Charlton House]]
Organizer_url
City[[London]]
Country[[United Kingdom]]
Urlhttp://www.concert-diary.com/concert/680132630/Lunchtime-Recital-Ana-Sinkovec-Burstin-piano#.U_7sNNFHWHE.twitter
Work_url
More_url
DescriptionA piano recital by [[Ana Šinkovec Burstin]], supported by the [[Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia in London]],
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User


Event1ad45246a1577fe7f1815c56af2e5fad0c88feae92e706d2eb1b8d9493db6ebb
SourceCulture.si
Tag[[Theatre]], [[Puppetry]]
Related[[Teatro matita]], [[Maribor Puppet Theatre]], [[Culture.si:Archive of events/2014/08]], [[Alley of Famous Noses, Town Castle area, MsKS – City Cultural Centre]], [[Kremnica]], [[Slovakia]]
Festival
Start2014-08-29 00:00:00
End2014-08-31 00:00:00
Years[[Year_2014]], [[Year_2014]]
Venue[[Alley of Famous Noses]], [[ Town Castle area]], [[ MsKS – City Cultural Centre]]
Organizer_url
City[[Kremnica]]
Country[[Slovakia]]
Urlhttp://www.gagy.eu/program?Open&lang=en
Work_url
More_url
Description''Attention, Moose!'', ''Happy Bones'', and ''Pulcinella'', produced by [[Teatro matita]], and ''When Shlemiel Went to Warsaw'', produced by the [[Maribor Puppet Theatre]], at the European Festival of Humour and Satire Kremnica Gags
Editcall{{#template:editcallurl}}
Status
User
Retrieved from "http://www.culture.si/w/index.php?title=Culture.si:Archive_of_events/2014/08&oldid=329663"
Arts & Heritage
Architecture & Design
Film
Literature
Music
New Media Art
Theatre & Dance
Visual Arts
Cultural Heritage
Collected
Images
Festivals
Venues
Infographics
Worldwide
Events Worldwide
Slovenia Worldwide
European Cooperation
Slovenian Language
Selected
In Focus
Topics
Overviews

Operated by
Financed by